Recomendaciones sobre transporte neonatal / Recommendations for neonatal transport

RESUMEN

Las gestaciones que conllevan algún riesgo materno y/o fetal no siempre son diagnosticadas en un centro especializado en la atención neonatal, por lo que el transporte posnatal es una parte esencial dentro de la estructura de los servicios sanitarios perinatales. El objetivo del transporte neonatal es trasladar al recién nacido a un centro especializado que disponga de la infraestructura y la experiencia necesarias para su asesoramiento y tratamiento. El transporte ideal del recién nacido es el que se realiza in utero. Desafortunadamente, no todos los problemas pueden detectarse a tiempo para el traslado materno y hasta un 30-50% de ellos pueden presentarse durante el parto o en el periodo neonatal inmediato. Por ello es necesario disponer de conocimientos y medios para la reanimación y la estabilización del recién nacido en el momento del parto y de un sistema de transporte neonatal especializado que permita trasladar a los pacientes con el mismo nivel de cuidados que recibiría en el hospital receptor sin que suponga en ningún caso un deterioro de su salud o un riesgo elevado para ella. La Sociedad Española de Neonatología, a través de su Comisión de Estándares, ha querido revisar y actualizar en este documento las recomendaciones para el transporte intraútero, las indicaciones para el traslado neonatal, la organización y la logística necesarias para realizarlo (personal, comunicación, documentación, medio de transporte y equipamiento), la estabilización previa al mismo, el manejo durante el traslado y el ingreso en el hospital receptor (AU)

ABSTRACT

During pregnancy, it is not always possible to identify maternal or foetal risk factors. Infants requiring specialised medical care are not always born in centres providing intensive care and will need to be transferred to a referral centre where intensive care can be provided. Therefore Neonatal Transport needs to be considered as part of the organisation of perinatal health care. The aim of Neonatal Transport is to transfer a newborn infant requiring intensive care to a centre where specialised resources and experience can be provided for the appropriate assessment and continuing treatment of a sick newborn infant. Intrauterine transfer is the ideal mode of transport when the birth of an infant with risk factors is diagnosed. Unfortunately, not all problems can be detected in advance with enough time to safely transfer a pregnant woman. Around 30- 50% of risk factors will be diagnosed during labour or soon after birth. Therefore, it is important to have the knowledge and resources to resuscitate and stabilise a newborn infant, as well as a specialised neonatal transport system. With this specialised transport it is possible to transfer newly born infants with the same level of care that they would receive if they had been born in a referral hospital, without increasing their risks or affecting the wellbeing of the newborn. The Standards Committee of the Spanish Society of Neonatology reviewed and updated recommendations for intrauterine transport and indications for neonatal transfer. They also reviewed organisational and logistic factors involved with performing neonatal transport. The Committee review included the type of personnel who should be involved; communication between referral and receiving hospitals; documentation; mode of transport; equipment to stabilise newly born infants; management during transfer, and admission at the referral hospital (AU)