Efectividad de una estrategia de intervención preventiva, basada en entrevistas telefónicas estructuradas, en una población laboral con riesgo cardiovascular moderado/alto / Effectiveness of a preventive intervention strategy based on structured telephone interviews in a working population with a moderate to high cardiovascular risk

RESUMEN

ObjetivoEvaluar la efectividad de una estrategia de intervención preventiva sobre el estilo de vida, basada en entrevistas telefónicas.DiseñoEstudio de intervención cuasiexperimental.EmplazamientoServicio de Prevención de Ibermutuamur (Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales de la Seguridad Social).Participantes4.792 trabajadores con nivel de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) moderado/alto en el reconocimiento médico laboral (RML) que otorgaron su consentimiento. Se excluyeron los sujetos con antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular o que recibían tratamiento antihipertensivo, hipolipemiante o antidiabético.IntervenciónSe pudo contactar telefónicamente con 3.085 trabajadores, a los que se realizó seguimiento en los meses primero, cuarto y octavo tras el RML, enfatizando recomendaciones cardiosaludables. Al resto de trabajadores (n=1.707), solo se les realizó el RML inicial y final.Mediciones principalesEl RCV se estimó según el modelo SCORE europeo. Todos los sujetos recibieron un informe, una carta dirigida a su médico de atención primaria con los factores de RCV detectados, su nivel de riesgo y recomendaciones sobre modificación del estilo de vida(AU)

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of a structured telephone survey on cardiovascular prevention, in modifying lifestyle, on cardiovascular risk parameters, percentage of smoking cessation and overall cardiovascular risk (CVR).DesignQuasi-experimental study of preventive intervention.SettingIbermutuamur (Spanish Accident and Health Insurance Company). Centres established throughout Spain.ParticipantsA total of 4,792 workers with moderate/high cardiovascular risk who had agreed to be contacted by phone. Subjects with a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and those receiving treatment for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes were excluded.InterventionA final total of 3,085 workers were contacted and were followed up by telephone surveys on the first, fourth and eighth month after the initial check up (CU) in order to emphasise cardiovascular health advice (Group A); we failed to contact 1,707 workers, who only attended the baseline and one year CUs (Group B).Principal outcomesCUs included medical records and physical examination, with two blood pressure measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI), and biochemical parameters.Principal outcomesCardiovascular risk was stratified following the European cardiovascular SCORE. Individuals with a relative risk higher than 4 were also considered as high-risk. All workers were informed about their cardiovascular risk profile (CVRF) and healthy cardiovascular lifestyle measures. They were also given a letter for their General Practitioner (GP) to inform them on the worker's cardiovascular risk level(AU)