Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en un hospital psiquiátrico de México / Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a psychiatric hospital in Mexico

RESUMEN

Introducción. El síndrome metabólico (SM) se integra por elevación de presión arterial, hipercolesterolemía, hipertrigliceridemía, hiperglucemia y obesidad abdominal; México ocupa el segundo lugar mundial en prevalencia de obesidad; se ha reportado que el uso de psicofármacos aumenta riesgo de SM. Objetivo. Detectar prevalencia de SM en pacientes con diagnóstico psiquiátrico y con o sin tratamiento psicofarmacológico. Material y Método. Se diseñó estudio observacional descriptivo, se obtuvo consentimiento informado, recolectándose muestra de 216 pacientes en periodo de seis meses, todos mayores de 18 años de edad. Se midieron las siguientes variables presión arterial, peso, talla, circunferencia abdominal, niveles séricos de triglicéridos, glucosa y lipoproteínas de alta densidad, por test enzimático colorimétrico en analizador Roche. Análisis estadístico t student, prueba exacta Fisher y Cochran-Matel-Haenszel. Resultados. El 50 % de la muestra tuvo circunferencia abdominal >88cm; 10% glicemia superior a 110mg/dl, 30% triglicéridos >150mg/dl; el14 % cumplió con criterios de SM. Al agrupar pacientes con y sin SM comparando glucosa y triglicéridos se obtiene p=0,0001 Con 93,4% de confianza se acepta relación sedentarismo y SM. Mujeres con 40-59 años de edad tienden a SM, 98,4% confianza. El único antecedente familiar asociado a SM fue obesidad (97,7% confianza). Existe relación positiva entre SM y uso de antipsicóticos típicos o atípicos. Los ISRS se relacionan con SM significativamente p=0,072 y 91,5% de confianza; benzodiacepinas conp=0,073 y 92,7% de confianza. Conclusiones. Solamente el 14% de la muestra presentó SM; los psicofármacos sí se asociaron a SM, teniendo mayor riesgo mujeres entre 40-59 años (AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is formed by elevated blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemía, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity. Mexico occupies the second place worldwide in prevalence of obesity. It has been reported that the use of psychopharmaceuticals increase the risk of MS. Objective. To detect prevalence of MS in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis with or without psychopharmaceutical treatment. Material and Methods. An observational, descriptive study was designed. Informed consent was obtained, enrolling a sample of 216 patients in the six-month period, all of them over 18 years of age. The following variables were measured blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose and high-density lipoprotein serum levels, by colorimetric enzyme assay in Roche analyzer. Statistical analysis: Student’s t-test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and Fisher’s exact test. Results. A total of 50% of the sample had a waist circumference >88 cm; 10% glycemia superior to 110mg/dl, 30% triglycerides >150 mg/dl; 14% met the MScriteria. When patients with and without MS were grouped, and glucose and triglycerides were compared, ap 0.0001 was obtained. With a 93.4% confidence interval, the relationship between sedentary life and MS was ayuaccepted. Women, aged 40-59 years tended to have MS, with 98.4% CI. The only family background associated to MS was obesity (97.7% CI). There is a positive relationship between MS and the use of typical or atypical antipsychotics. SSRIs are significantly related with MS p0.072 and 91.5% confidence interval, benzodiazepines with p 0.073 and 92.7% confidence interval. Conclusions. Only 14% of the sample had MS. Psychopharmaceuticals were associated to MS, women between 40 to 59 years having a greater risk (AU)