Bullying in Brazilian school children: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012) / Bullying em escolares brasileiros: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012)

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the victimization and bullying practice in Brazilian school children, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey and to compare the surveys from 2009 and 2012. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with univariate and multivariate analyzes of the following variables to have been treated badly by colleagues, to have been bullied and to have bullied other children. The following independent variables were analyzed age, sex, race/color, type of school, maternal education. Prevalence rates were compared between the editions of 2009 and 2012 of the survey. RESULTS: Of all the adolescents analyzed, 27.5% have not been treated well by peers at school, with greater frequency among boys (OR = 1.50), at the age of 15 years (OR = 1.29) and 16 (OR = 1.41), public school students (OR = 2.08), black (OR = 1.18) and whose mothers had less education; 7.2% reported having been bullied, with a greater chance in younger students (13 years old), male (OR = 1.26), black (OR = 1.15) and indigenous (OR = 1.16) and whose mothers had less education; 20.8% reported to have bullied other children, with a greater chance for older students, at the age of 14 (OR = 1.08) and 15 years (OR = 1.18), male (OR = 1.87), black (OR = 1.14) and yellow (OR = 1.15), children of mothers with higher education, private school students. There was an increase of bullying in the Brazilian capitals, from 5.4 to 6.8%, between 2009 and 2012. DISCUSSION: The occurrence of bullying reveals that the Brazilian school context is also becoming a space of reproduction of violence, in which it is crucial to act intersectorally and to articulate social protection networks, aiming to face this issue. .

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Descrever a vitimização e a prática de bullying em escolares brasileiros, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), e comparar a evolução entre as pesquisas de 2009 e 2012. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal com análises univariadas e multivariadas das variáveis não ser bem tratado, sofrer bullying e praticar bullying. Como variáveis independentes, foram analisadas idade, sexo, raça/cor, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna. Foram comparadas as prevalências entre as edições da PeNSE de 2009 e 2012. RESULTADOS: Não foram bem tratados pelos colegas na escola 27,5% dos adolescentes, tendo sido maior a frequência entre meninos (OR = 1,50) mais velhos, 15 anos (OR = 1,29) e 16 anos (OR = 1,41), alunos de escolas públicas (OR = 2,08), de raça/cor preta (OR = 1,18) e cujas mães tinham menor escolaridade. Relatam ter sofrido bullying 7,2%, tendo sido a maior chance em alunos mais jovens (13 anos) do sexo masculino (OR = 1,26), da raça/cor preta (OR = 1,15) e indígena (OR = 1,16) e cujas mães apresentaram menor escolaridade. A prática de bullying foi relatada por 20,8% e mostrou maior chance em alunos mais velhos, 14 anos (OR = 1,08) e 15 anos (OR = 1,18), do sexo masculino (OR = 1,87), raça/cor preta (OR = 1,14) e amarela (OR = 1,15), filhos de mães com maior escolaridade e alunos de escola privada. Ocorreu aumento de bullying nas capitais, passando de 5,4 para 6,8% entre 2009 e 2012. DISCUSSÃO A ocorrência de bullying revela que o contexto escolar brasileiro também tem se tornado um espaço de reprodução da violência, sendo fundamental atuar de forma intersetorial e articulando redes de proteção social, visando seu enfrentamento. .