[Effect of peridural analgesia on labor progress]. / Der Einfluss der Periduralanalgesie auf den Geburtsverlauf.

ABSTRACT

Epidural analgesia (EDA) is the most effective method of intrapartum pain relief. Its influence on the course of labor continues to be controversial. Although a cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven, this form of analgesia has been blamed for a host of adverse maternal/fetal events during labor, including prolonged first and second stage of labor, dystocia, malrotation of the fetal head and an increased risk of operative delivery (instrumental delivery, Caesarean section). Our own data from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Leipzig demonstrate that women with epidural analgesia had a longer duration of labor (the greater proportion taking more than 13 hours), although labor was often already protracted before the start of epidural analgesia. Early epidural analgesia with a cervical dilatation of less than 4 cm does not have any negative impact on the progress of labor. The duration of second-stage pushing and the rate of instrumental deliveries were not increased in our patients. Although the Caesarean section rate for women with an EDA was elevated, the total proportion of secondary Caesarean section remained unchanged despite increased use of EDA. Our findings suggest that women selected for intrapartal EDA already represent a population with an increased risk of an unfavourable course of labor, priming of the cervix, increased need of oxytocin and nulliparity. Pain relief in itself is sufficient indication for the use of intrapartal epidural analgesia.