Hazardous ammonia releases: public health consequences and risk factors for evacuation and injury, United States, 1993-1998.
J Occup Environ Med
; 45(2): 197-204, 2003 Feb.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-12625234
ABSTRACT
Unplanned releases of ammonia lead more often to evacuation and injury than releases of other chemicals, but few studies have systematically investigated ammonia releases. We analyzed Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system data for 1993-1998. Evacuation of a total of at least 40,680 persons resulted from 537 ammonia releases, and 248 ammonia releases led to injury of 1434 persons. Equipment failure and operator error were cited as factors contributing to ammonia releases 90% of the time. Eighty-seven percent of releases occurred at fixed facilities. Risk factors for evacuation and injury differed between the food-manufacturing industry and other industries. Indoor release was a consistent risk factor, whereas quantity of ammonia released was not always a risk factor. Preventive maintenance and worker training may be effective tools to reduce the burdens of hazardous ammonia releases.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Sustancias Peligrosas
/
Accidentes de Trabajo
/
Salud Pública
/
Amoníaco
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
/
Screening_studies
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Límite:
Humans
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Occup Environ Med
Asunto de la revista:
MEDICINA OCUPACIONAL
/
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Año:
2003
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos
Pais de publicación:
EEUU
/
ESTADOS UNIDOS
/
ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMERICA
/
EUA
/
UNITED STATES
/
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
/
US
/
USA