Induction of human T cell-mediated immune responses after primary and secondary smallpox vaccination.
J Infect Dis
; 190(7): 1286-94, 2004 Oct 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-15346340
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Postexposure vaccination strategies rely on a rapid induction of poxvirus-specific immune responses. Postvaccination cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses have not been compared by use of controlled trials in previously vaccinated (vaccinia-nonnaive) and nonvaccinated (vaccinia-naive) individuals.METHODS:
To assess the time course of vaccinia-specific CMI responses, 20 previously vaccinated and 10 vaccinia-naive individuals were vaccinated with Dryvax, and serial blood samples were drawn.RESULTS:
Both groups developed peak levels of vaccinia-specific interferon (IFN)- gamma -producing T cells by day 14 after vaccination. In vaccinia-nonnaive individuals, vaccinia-specific CMI responses were detected by day 7 after vaccination and preceded the increase in antibody titers. IFN- gamma enzyme-linked immunospot responses were significantly different between the 2 groups on days 7 (greater in vaccinia-nonnaive than in vaccinia-naive individuals) and 14 (greater in vaccinia-naive than in vaccinia-nonnaive individuals). Lymphoproliferation responses in vaccinia-nonnaive individuals were significantly higher on days 3 and 7, but cytotoxic T cell lysis activity was not statistically different at any time point. Antibody responses conformed to expected primary and secondary patterns of induction.CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates that the kinetics of CMI responses are different after primary vaccination versus after revaccination and indicates that memory can exist in individuals vaccinated >/=30 years ago. These data support the epidemiological observation in smallpox outbreaks that successful revaccination within 4 days of exposure is partially protective. In vaccinia-nonnaive individuals, protection against smallpox during the postexposure revaccination period may require T cell memory as an essential component for the rapid induction of protective cellular and humoral responses.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Virus Vaccinia
/
Vacuna contra Viruela
/
Activación de Linfocitos
/
Linfocitos T Citotóxicos
Tipo de estudio:
Clinical_trials
Límite:
Adult
/
Humans
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Dis
Año:
2004
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos