Synthetic- and bio-polymer use for runoff water quality management in irrigated agriculture.
Water Sci Technol
; 51(3-4): 107-15, 2005.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-15850180
ABSTRACT
Low concentrations of synthetic- or bio-polymers in irrigation water can nearly eliminate sediment, N, ortho- and total-P, DOM, pesticides, micro-organisms, and weed seed from runoff. These environmentally safe polymers are employed in various sensitive uses including food processing, animal feeds, and potable water purification. The most common synthetic polymer is anionic, high purity polyacrylamide (PAM), which typically provides 70-90% contaminant elimination. Excellent results are achieved adding only 10 ppm PAM to irrigation water, applying 1-2 kg ha(-1) per irrigation, costing 4 dollars - 12 dollars kg(-1). Biopolymers are less effective. Using twice or higher concentrations, existing biopolymers are approximately 60% effective as PAM, at 2-3 times the cost. A half million ha of US irrigated land use PAM for erosion control and runoff protection. The practice is spreading rapidly in the US and worldwide. Interest in development of biopolymer surrogates for PAM is high. If the supply of cheap natural gas (raw material for PAM synthesis) diminishes, industries may seek alternative polymers. Also "green" perceptions and preferences favor biopolymers for certain applications.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Biopolímeros
/
Resinas Acrílicas
/
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Water Sci Technol
Asunto de la revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
TOXICOLOGIA
Año:
2005
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos