Lipid-protamine-DNA-mediated antigen delivery.

The development of novel 'new generation' vaccine systems that is based on proteins, peptides or DNA is of great current interest. However, due to the lower efficiencies of these new generation vaccines, they are seldomly used alone. Rather, their formulations often contain adjuvants, either to enhance the immune responses or to reduce dosing. The present chapter will provide a brief overview of the recent advances in peptide-based cancer vaccine adjuvants, focusing mainly on Liposome-Protamine-DNA (LPD) nanoparticle-mediated antigen delivery.