[Disability in childhood. Care and professional training regarding particularly the problems currently seen in long-term control of newborns at risk]. / La disabilita' in eta' pediatrica. Assistenza e formazione professionale con particolare riguardo ai problemi attualmente osservati nel controllo a distanza del neonato a rischio.

ABSTRACT

Children with disability are a heterogeneous population distributed between complex conditions including physical disorders, psychomotor and neurodevelopment disorders, social role and school activities limitations. Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal diseases together with disabling chronic conditions may cause childhood disability. Data from literature show a prevalence of childhood disability ranging from 5 to 20% with a wide range of severity level. The social impact of childhood disability is extremely relevant. Children with disabilities frequently require health care services and special education. VLBW (very low birth weight infants, birth weight <1500 gr) have major disabilities (10-15%) while minor disabilities can be found in 20-25% of these subjects. The first step stays in medical prevention but also an oriented training toward these problems for doctors both in pre and post-graduate formation can play a significant role. Support of society in order to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of childhood disability, through social care services, is mandatory. These measures, apparently costly, if correctly done, will be helpful for both the individual subject and the whole society, through a reduction of the disability problems and the final economy cost impact.