The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and its first appearance in Germany 2007.

ABSTRACT

Diabrotica v. virgifera (WCR) is one of the most successful invasive insect species and owes this success to its close association with mankind, to worldwide trade and commerce connections, and to widely practiced, monoculturally oriented production patterns which are characteristic for contemporary agriculture in several parts of the world. Without a drastic change in attitudes and approaches of a globalizing agriculture, WCR will in the foreseeable future have invaded all maize growing areas. WCR is continuing its spreading within Europe with its first documented appearance in Germany 2007, where two major and three minor sites of invasion are identified. Unfortunately, WCR already has secondary hosts and, through accelerated microevolution, soon may acquire more of them. The beetle may be seen as a clever follower in the footsteps of Homo sapiens and may thrive on worldwide ecological imbalances. Without major new paradigms in control and management approaches, WCR will be one of the big winners of globalization and mercilessly occupy the niches opening up. Some biotechnical and cultural alternatives are discussed which, in combination with biocontrol, may assist in evironmentally compatible management of WCR.