Neurotrophins enhance CaMKII activity and rescue amyloid-ß-induced deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

Amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide-induced impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity is considered an underlying mechanism for memory loss in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and its animal models. We previously reported inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents by oligomeric Aß(1-42) at hippocampal synapses. While multiple cellular mechanisms could be involved in Aß-induced synaptic dysfunction, blockade of activity-dependent autophosphorylation of Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) appeared to be a major component of Aß action in our studies. The present study further tested this hypothesis and examined the therapeutic potential of trkB receptor-acting neurotrophins in rescuing Aß-induced synaptic and signaling impairments. As expected, treatment of rat hippocampal slices with Aß(1-42) significantly reduced LTP in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pathway and dentate medial perforant path. LTP-associated CaMKII activation and AMPA receptor phosphorylation were blocked by Aß(1-42) at the same concentration that inhibited LTP. Aß-induced LTP impairment, however, was prevented when slices were co-treated with neurotrophin 4 (NT4). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that treatment with NT4 or brain-derived neurotrophic factor, another trkB-acting neurotrophin, could oppose Aß action, enhancing autophosphorylation of CaMKII, and AMPA receptor phosphorylation at a CaMKII-dependent site. These findings support the view that CaMKII is a key synaptic target of Aß toxicity as well as a potential therapeutic site of neurotrophins for Alzheimer's disease.