Hypertension among the Inuit from Nunavik: should we expect an increase because of obesity?

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Because of their recent adoption of a Westernized lifestyle, an increased risk of developing hypertension (HTN) is suspected among Inuit populations. This study aimed to assess the exact prevalence of HTN in Nunavik Inuit and to examine its association with other major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. METHODS: We analysed biological and anthropometric data and the medical history of 832 Inuit. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HTN (≥140/90 mmHg or the use of medication) was 19% with no gender difference. Obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m(2)) was the highest prevalent cardiovascular risk factor (23%), and was significantly associated with HTN (OR for BMI<25 kg/m(2) vs. BMI 30-34 kg/m(2) 7.9 [3.5-17.9]; OR for BMI<25 kg/m(2) vs. BMI ≥35 kg/m(2) 14.4 [5.6-36.7]). An increase in odds of prehypertension (preHTN) (130-139/80-89 mmHg) was also observed as the BMI increased (p for trend, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HTN in the Inuit populations has reached values similar to those of their Westernized counterparts. Furthermore, not only HTN but also preHTN states are significantly associated with obesity even after adjusting for confounding variables. These results clearly indicate that HTN is becoming a growing health challenge in Nunavik because of pandemic obesity.