Targeting the translational apparatus to improve leukemia therapy: roles of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Leukemia
; 25(7): 1064-79, 2011 Jul.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-21436840
ABSTRACT
It has become apparent that regulation of protein translation is an important determinant in controlling cell growth and leukemic transformation. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is often implicated in sensitivity and resistance to therapy. Dysregulated signaling through the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway is often the result of genetic alterations in critical components in this pathway as well as mutations at upstream growth factor receptors. Furthermore, this pathway is activated by autocrine transformation mechanisms. PTEN is a critical tumor suppressor gene and its dysregulation results in the activation of Akt. PTEN is often mutated, silenced and is often haploinsufficient. The mTOR complex1 (mTORC1) regulates the assembly of the eukaryotic initiation factor4F complex, which is critical for the translation of mRNAs that are important for cell growth, prevention of apoptosis and transformation. These mRNAs have long 5'-untranslated regions that are G+C rich, rendering them difficult to translate. Elevated mTORC1 activity promotes the translation of these mRNAs via the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. mTORC1 is a target of rapamycin and novel active-site inhibitors that directly target the TOR kinase activity. Although rapamycin and novel rapalogs are usually cytostatic and not cytotoxic for leukemic cells, novel inhibitors that target the kinase activities of PI3K and mTOR may prove more effective for leukemia therapy.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Biosíntesis de Proteínas
/
Transducción de Señal
/
Leucemia
/
Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica
/
Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas
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Fosfohidrolasa PTEN
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Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt
/
Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR
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Terapia Molecular Dirigida
/
Proteínas de Neoplasias
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Leukemia
Asunto de la revista:
HEMATOLOGIA
/
NEOPLASIAS
Año:
2011
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Italia
Pais de publicación:
ENGLAND
/
ESCOCIA
/
GB
/
GREAT BRITAIN
/
INGLATERRA
/
REINO UNIDO
/
SCOTLAND
/
UK
/
UNITED KINGDOM