Distribution of mono-, di- and trisialo gangliosides in the brain of Actinopterygian fishes.

BACKGROUND: Mono-, di- and trisialo gangliosides are major glycosphingolipids in the brain of higher vertebrates involved in lipid raft assembly. In contrast, the fish brain is abundant in polisialo-gangliosides, whose function is implicated in the modulation of repulsive and attractive intercellular interactions during embryonic development and a temperature adaptation process. The histological distribution of gangliosides is usually studied in rodent and mammalian brains, but to date it has not been described in the case of fish brain. METHODS: Gangliosides were extracted from adult brains of trout, carp and zebrafish and separated by TLC. High-affinity anti-ganglioside (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) IgG antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In trout and carp brains GM1 and GT1b are expressed in the same neuronal cell bodies from the telencephalon to the spinal cord. In zebrafish brain GM1 was not detected, whereas GT1b is a general neuropil staining. GD1a is specific for unmyelinated parallel fibers in carp and zebrafish brains as well as parallel fibers in the molecular layer of all cerebellar divisions. In trout brain GD1b is found in parallel fibers of the cerebellum, but not in the tectum mesencephali. GD1b is expressed in zebrafish neuronal cell bodies. CONCLUSIONS: Each studied species has a different expression of complex gangliosides. GT1b is widely present, whereas GD1a and GD1b appear in a specific group of unmyelinated fibers and could be used as their specific marker. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report on mono-, di- and trisialo ganglioside (GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b) distribution in the brain of adult Actinopterygian fishes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.