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Enterococci in the environment.
Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N; Nevers, Meredith B; Korajkic, Asja; Staley, Zachery R; Harwood, Valerie J.
Afiliación
  • Byappanahalli MN; US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, Porter, Indiana, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev ; 76(4): 685-706, 2012 Dec.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23204362
ABSTRACT
Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human health risks from exposure to polluted recreational waters, they are used as surrogates for waterborne pathogens and as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in research and in water quality testing throughout the world. Evidence from several decades of research demonstrates, however, that enterococci may be present in high densities in the absence of obvious fecal sources and that environmental reservoirs of these FIB are important sources and sinks, with the potential to impact water quality. This review focuses on the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental (secondary) habitats, including the effect of environmental stressors; an outline of their known and apparent sources, sinks, and fluxes; and an overview of the use of enterococci as FIB. Finally, the significance of emerging methodologies, such as microbial source tracking (MST) and empirical predictive models, as tools in water quality monitoring is addressed. The mounting evidence for widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci demonstrates the versatility of the genus Enterococcus and argues for the necessity of a better understanding of their ecology in natural environments, as well as their roles as opportunistic pathogens and indicators of human pathogens.
Asunto(s)

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Microbiología del Agua / Contaminación del Agua / Tracto Gastrointestinal / Microbiología Ambiental / Heces / Enterococcaceae Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev Asunto de la revista: BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR / MICROBIOLOGIA Año: 2012 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Microbiología del Agua / Contaminación del Agua / Tracto Gastrointestinal / Microbiología Ambiental / Heces / Enterococcaceae Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev Asunto de la revista: BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR / MICROBIOLOGIA Año: 2012 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos