Epithelial immunity: priming defensive responses in the intestinal mucosa.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
; 314(2): G247-G255, 2018 02 01.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29146676
ABSTRACT
As the largest interface between the outside and internal milieu, the intestinal epithelium constitutes the first structural component facing potential luminal threats to homeostasis. This single-cell layer is the epicenter of a tightly regulated communication network between external and internal factors that converge to prime defensive responses aimed at limiting antigen penetration and the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. The defensive role developed by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) relies largely on the variety of receptors they express at both extracellular (apical and basolateral) and intracellular compartments, and the capacity of IEC to communicate with immune and nervous systems. IEC recognize pathogen-associated molecules by innate receptors that promote the production of mucus, antimicrobial substances, and immune mediators. Epithelial cells are key to oral tolerance maintenance and also participate in adaptive immunity through the expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors and by promoting local Ig class switch recombination. In IEC, different types of antigens can be sensed by multiple immune receptors that share signaling pathways to assure effective responses. Regulated defensive activity maintains intestinal homeostasis, whereas a breakdown in the control of epithelial immunity can increase the intestinal passage of luminal content and microbial invasion, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the type of immune receptors present in the human intestinal epithelium and the responses generated to promote effective barrier function and maintain mucosal homeostasis.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Receptores Inmunológicos
/
Inmunidad Mucosa
/
Células Epiteliales
/
Mucosa Intestinal
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
Asunto de la revista:
FISIOLOGIA
/
GASTROENTEROLOGIA
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
España