Maternal Obesity and Cardiac Development in the Offspring: Study in Human Neonates and Minipigs.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging
; 11(12): 1750-1755, 2018 12.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29153568
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of maternal overweight on cardiac development in offspring in infants (short term) and minipigs (short and longer term).BACKGROUND:
The epidemic of overweight involves pregnant women. The uterine environment affects organ development, modulating disease susceptibility. Offspring of obese mothers have higher rates of cardiovascular events and mortality.METHODS:
Echocardiography was performed in infants born to lean and overweight mothers at birth and at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. In minipigs born to mothers fed a high-fat diet or a normal diet, cardiac development (echocardiography, histology), glucose metabolism and perfusion (positron emission tomography), triglyceride and glycogen content, and myocardial enzymes regulating metabolism (mass spectrometry) were determined from birth to adulthood.RESULTS:
In neonates, maternal overweight, especially in the last trimester, predicted a thicker left ventricular posterior wall at birth (4.1 ± 0.3 vs. 3.3 ± 0.2 mm; p < 0.05) and larger end-diastolic and stroke volumes at 1 year. Minipigs born to mothers fed a high-fat diet showed greater left ventricular mass (p = 0.0001), chambers (+100%; p < 0.001), stroke volume (+75%; p = 0.001), cardiomyocyte nuclei (+28%; p = 0.02), glucose uptake, and glycogen accumulation at birth (+100%; p < 0.005), with lower levels of oxidative enzymes, compared with those born to mothers fed a normal diet. Subsequently, they developed myocardial insulin resistance and glycogen depletion. Late adulthood showed elevated heart rate (111 ± 5 vs. 84 ± 8 beats/min; p < 0.05) and ejection fraction and deficient fatty acid oxidative enzymes.CONCLUSIONS:
Neonatal changes in cardiac morphology were explained by late-trimester maternal body mass index; myocardial glucose overexposure seen in minipigs can justify early human findings. Longer term effects in minipigs consisted of myocardial insulin resistance, enzymatic alterations, and hyperdynamic systolic function.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal
/
Ganancia de Peso Gestacional
/
Cardiopatías
/
Obesidad
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Newborn
/
Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Revista:
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging
Asunto de la revista:
ANGIOLOGIA
/
CARDIOLOGIA
/
DIAGNOSTICO POR IMAGEM
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Italia