[Optical coherence tomography for skin pathologies]. / Optische Kohärenztomographie bei Pathologien der Haut.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become established in routine diagnosis in dermatology only in the last few years. The reason is that the skin is a challenge for OCT as a strong scattering medium, because only a very small proportion of photons is reflected and can be used for imaging. In addition, in most cases a visual assessment or a biopsy is sufficient. Nevertheless, the main field of application in dermatology is the diagnostics of epithelial skin tumors. The OCT is suitable for the early recognition of small, clinically and light microscopically unspecific basal cell carcinomas as well as for the differential diagnosis of other tumors and precancerous lesions. Using OCT, the preoperative measurement of tumor spread, observation of the course and treatment control of non-surgical procedures are possible; therefore, in many cases a biopsy or treatment control can be avoided. Dynamic OCT is a newly developed add on technique to visualize and quantify the superficial blood vessels of the skin. First studies are focused on the evaluation of tumor vessels, wound healing and monitoring of laser therapy. In ophthalmology, OCT diagnostics of basal cell carcinomas on the eyelids as well as for planning and control of eyelid interventions can be of interest.