Seroprevalence and risk factors of recent infection with hepatitis E virus during an acute outbreak in an urban setting in Chad, 2017.
BMC Infect Dis
; 18(1): 287, 2018 06 26.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29940939
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
From September 2016-April 2017, Am Timan, Chad, experienced a large HEV outbreak in an urban setting with a limited impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. To better understand HEV epidemiology in this context, we estimated the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) and assessed the risk factors for recent HEV infections (positive anti-HEV IgM) during this outbreak.METHODS:
A serological survey using simple random sampling was implemented in Am Timan at the tail-end of the outbreak (sample size aim = 384 household). Household members provided us with blood samples and household heads answered questions around water, sanitation and hygiene practices and animal ownership. Blood samples were tested for HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme-Immune-Assay (EIA). We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PRs) for possible risk factors for recent infection using multivariate Cox regression.RESULTS:
We included 241 households (1529 participants). IgM prevalence decreased with age 12.6% (< 5 years) to 4.3% (> 15 years). IgG prevalence increased with age 23.5% (< 5 years) to 75.9% (> 15 years). Risk factors for recent HEV infections included sharing the sanitation facility with other HHs (PR 1.72; 95%CI 1.08-2.73), not systematically using soap for HW (PR 1.85; 95%CI 1.30-2.63) and having animals sleeping inside the compound (PR 1.69; 95%CI 1.15-2.50).CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence suggests that Am Timan was already highly endemic for HEV before the outbreak, potentially explaining the limited extent of the outbreak. Recent infection with HEV was linked to household level exposures. Future HEV outbreak response must include ensuring access to safe water, and reducing household level transmission through active hygiene and sanitation promotion activities.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Virus de la Hepatitis E
/
Hepatitis E
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Adolescent
/
Adult
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Child
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Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
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Infant
/
Male
/
Newborn
País/Región como asunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
BMC Infect Dis
Asunto de la revista:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Chad