Metronidazole removal by means of a combined system coupling an electro-Fenton process and a conventional biological treatment: By-products monitoring and performance enhancement.

ABSTRACT

In order to mineralize Metronidazole (MTZ), a process coupling an electro-Fenton pretreatment and a biological degradation was implemented. A mono-compartment batch reactor containing a carbon-felt cathode and a platinum anode was employed to carry out the electro-Fenton pretreatment of MTZ. A total degradation of MTZ (100 mg L-1) was observed at 0.07 mA.cm-2 after only 20 min of electrolysis. Yet, after 1 and 2 h of electrolysis, the mineralization level remained low (16.2% and 32% respectively), guaranteeing a significant residual organic content for further biological treatment. LCMS/MS was used to determine the intermediates by-products and hence to propose a plausible degradation pathway. An increase from 0 to 0.44 and 0.6 for 1 and 2 h of electrolysis was observed for the BOD5/COD ratio. Thus, from 1 h of electro-Fenton pretreatment, the electrolysis by-products were considered biodegradable. A biological treatment of the electrolysis by-products after 1 and 2 h was then realized. The mineralization yields reached very close values, about 84% for 1 and 2 h of electrolysis after 504 h of biological treatment, namely close to 89% for the overall process, showing the pertinence of the proposed coupled process.