Increasing the distance between two monomers of topoisomerase IIß under the action of antitumor agent 4ß-sulfur-(benzimidazole) 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin.

ABSTRACT

Topoisomerases II (Top2s) are a group of essential enzymes involved in replication, transcription, chromosome condensation, and segregation via altering DNA topology. The mechanism of the Top2s poisons such as etoposide (VP-16) was reported as stabilizing the Top2-DNA complex and engendering permanent DNA breakage. As the structurally similar compound of VP-16, a novel 4ß-sulfur-substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) derivative (compound C-Bi) with superior antitumor activity was developed in our previous study. To understand the structural basis of the compound action, the crystal structure (2.54 Å) of human Top2 ß-isoform (hTop2ß) cleavage complexes stabilized by compound C-Bi was determined. However, compound C-Bi was not visible in the crystal structure. Through the comparison of the structures of hTop2ß-DNA-etoposide ternary complex and hTop2ß-DNA binary complex, it could be observed that the distance between drug-binding sites Arg503 of the two monomers was 26.62 Å in hTop2ß-DNA-etoposide ternary complex and 34.54 Å in hTop2ß-DNA binary complex, respectively. Significant twist were observed in the DNA chains of binary complex. It suggested that compound C-Bi played antitumor roles through increasing spacing of hTop2ß monomers. The changes in hTop2ß structure further caused double changes in the torsional direction and migration distance of the DNA chains, resulting in impeding religation of DNA.