[Chemotherapy-induced liver injury in children]. / Lesión hepática inducida por quimioterapia en niños.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced liver injury due to chemotherapy is an important cause of morbidity in cancer patients, although its clinical manifestations are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics (forms of presentation, severity, and type of injury) of hepatotoxicity due to chemotherapy in children treated for cancer. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 22 oncological patients were included in the study, after ruling out other causes of increased transaminases (infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, or hereditary), according to the CIOMS causality scale, it is concluded that it was a possible, probable or definite episode of hepatic injury by drugs. RESULTS: All children had more than one episode of hepatotoxicity, and a total of 98 episodes are analysed. Methotrexate was the most commonly implicated drug. The histological pattern of predominant damage was hepatocellular. Only 2episodes were classified as serious. CONCLUSIONS: Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity due to chemotherapy is frequent, with a tendency to relapse with re-exposure. Although it does not usually have important consequences, the high frequency makes it advisable to establish standardised safety algorithms with very strict monitoring of liver enzymes during high periods of risk in chemotherapy.