Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Lancet Neurol
; 18(8): 760-770, 2019 08.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31160204
ABSTRACT
Although prenatal alcohol exposure causes craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation, neurological abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and birth defects, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is underdiagnosed. Global prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is 0·77%, with a higher prevalence of 2-5% in Europe and North America, highlighting the need for increased diagnosis and treatment. However, diagnosis remains challenging because of the poor reliability of self-reported maternal drinking histories, an absence of sensitive biomarkers, and the infrequency of diagnostic dysmorphic facial features among individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Different diagnostic systems and disagreements over criteria have slowed progress in the diagnosis and management of the disorder. Neuroimaging shows abnormalities in brain structure, cortical development, white matter microstructure, and functional connectivity in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. These abnormalities modify developmental trajectories and are associated with deficits in cognition, executive function, memory, vision, hearing, motor skills, behaviour, and social adaptation. Promising trials of nutritional interventions and cognitive rehabilitation therapies are underway, with the aim of treating cognitive deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal
/
Disfunción Cognitiva
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Lancet Neurol
Asunto de la revista:
NEUROLOGIA
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article