The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus: Central Chemoreceptor and Regulator of Breathing Automaticity.
Trends Neurosci
; 42(11): 807-824, 2019 11.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31635852
ABSTRACT
The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [i.e., acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing to maintain a constant arterial PCO2 (PaCO2)]. The key neurons, a.k.a. the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), have now been identified. In this review we describe their transcriptome, developmental lineage, and anatomical projections. We also review their contribution to CO2 homeostasis and to the regulation of breathing automaticity during sleep and wake. Finally, we discuss several mechanisms that contribute to the activation of RTN neurons by CO2in vivo cell-autonomous effects of protons; paracrine effects of pH mediated by surrounding astrocytes and blood vessels; and excitatory inputs from other CO2-responsive CNS neurons.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Respiración
/
Bulbo Raquídeo
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Células Quimiorreceptoras
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Neuronas
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Trends Neurosci
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article