RTX Toxins Ambush Immunity's First Cellular Responders.
Toxins (Basel)
; 11(12)2019 12 10.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31835552
ABSTRACT
The repeats-in-toxin (RTX) family represents a unique class of bacterial exoproteins. The first family members described were toxins from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens; however, additional members included exoproteins with diverse functions. Our review focuses on well-characterized RTX family toxins from Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans (LtxA), Mannheimiahaemolytica (LktA), Bordetella pertussis (CyaA), uropathogenic Escherichia coli (HlyA), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (ApxIIIA), as well as the studies that have honed in on a single host cell receptor for RTX toxin interactions, the ß2 integrins. The ß2 integrin family is composed of heterodimeric members with four unique alpha subunits and a single beta subunit. ß2 integrins are only found on leukocytes, including neutrophils and monocytes, the first responders to inflammation following bacterial infection. The LtxA, LktA, HlyA, and ApxIIIA toxins target the shared beta subunit, thereby targeting all types of leukocytes. Specific ß2 integrin family domains are required for the RTX toxin's cytotoxic activity and are summarized here. Research examining the domains of the RTX toxins required for cytotoxic and hemolytic activity is also summarized. RTX toxins attack and kill phagocytic immune cells expressing a single integrin family, providing an obvious advantage to the pathogen. The critical question that remains, can the specificity of the RTX-ß2 integrin interaction be therapeutically targeted?
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Proteínas Bacterianas
/
Toxinas Bacterianas
/
Citotoxinas
/
Exotoxinas
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Toxins (Basel)
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos