Moderately elevated first trimester fasting plasma total homocysteine is associated with increased probability of miscarriage. The Reus-Tarragona Birth Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT

The association between elevated early pregnancy fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and miscarriage risk was investigated prospectively in participants (n = 544) from the Reus-Tarragona Birth Cohort study. Pregnancy was confirmed before 12 gestational weeks (GW) by ultrasound scan and a fasting blood sample collected. Pregnancies with complications other than miscarriages were excluded. Miscarriages were diagnosed by ultrasound scan and gestational age at the time of miscarriage estimated by embryo size, where possible. Cases in which blood samples were collected more than a week after the miscarriage, or the miscarriage was of known cause, were excluded. Fasting plasma folate, vitamin B12, tHcy, cotinine (biomarker of smoking), red blood cell (RBC) folate, MTHFR 677C > T (rs1801133) and SLC19A1 80G>A (rs1051266) genotypes were determined. The exposed group consisted of participants with first trimester tHcy ≥ P90 (7.1 µmol/L) (n = 57) and unexposed of those with tHcy < P90 (n = 487). Adherence to folic acid supplement recommendations, plasma folate, plasma vitamin B12, RBC folate and prevalence of optimal RBC folate status (≥ 906 µmol/L) were lower in the exposed compared to unexposed group. The prevalences of the MTHFR 677 TT genotype and miscarriage were higher in the exposed group. The relative risks (95% CI) of pregnancy ending in miscarriage were 2.5 (1.1, 5.7) and 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) for participants in the high tHcy and suboptimal RBC folate groups (compared to the reference groups) respectively. Adherence to folic acid supplement recommendations was positively associated, while the MTHFR 677 TT versus CC genotype and smoking versus non-smoking were negatively associated, with RBC folate status.