Haptic vs sensorimotor training in the treatment of upper limb dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A multi-center, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS) exercise improves upper limb functions, but it is unclear what training types are more effective. OBJECTIVE: This study compares robot-assisted training based on haptic or sensorimotor exercise. METHODS: 41clinically definite MS subjects with upper limb impairment were randomised into two groups: (i) Haptic and (ii) Sensorimotor. Subjects in the Haptic performed a robot-assisted training protocol designed to counteract incoordination and weakness. The task -interaction with a virtual mass-spring system against a resistive load- requires coordination skills. Task difficulty and magnitude of resistive load were automatically adjusted to the individual impairment. Subjects in the Sensorimotor performed reaching movements under visual control; the robot generated no forces. Both groups underwent eight training sessions (40 min/session, 2 sessions/week). Treatment outcome were 9HPT and ARAT scores. RESULTS: The average 9HPT score decreased from 74±9 s to 61±8 s for the Haptic and from 49±6 s to 44±6 s. We found a significant Treatment (p=.0453) and Time differences (p=.005), but no significant Treatment×Time interactions although we found that the absolute change was only significant in the Haptic group (p=.011). We observed no significant changes in the ARAT score. Participants tolerated treatments well with a low drop-out rate. In the subjects evaluated at after 12 week (11 subject in sensory-motor and 17 in haptic group) no retention of the effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: Task oriented training may improve upper limb function in persons with MS especially in prevalent pyramidal impaired subjects without maintain the effects after three months. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02711566 (clinicaltrial.gov).