Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilation: Current Approaches to Improve Outcomes.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD) are important complications of prematurity with short- and long-term implications for the patient and for nursing care. Several approaches have been shown to reduce the incidence of IVH and, more recently, mitigate the impact of IVH on long-term neurodevelopment. This article discusses the pathophysiology of IVH, with a focus on prevention strategies. Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation is a common complication of severe IVH and has implications for neurodevelopmental sequelae. Both surgical and nonsurgical interventions for PHVD are described.