Low serum indium levels induce expression disorders of some inflammatory factors.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that occupational exposure to indium compounds, including indium-tin oxide, can induce pulmonary inflammation resulting in serious indium lung disease. However, whether there is an early effect of indium exposure on inflammatory factor expression remains unclear. METHODS: Twenty indium-tin oxide processing workers and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited to measure serum indium levels, respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and serum inflammatory factor levels. RESULTS: Although low serum indium was detected in workers, lung abnormalities were not increased, compared with healthy population. However, serum G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta levels were significantly increased, while IL-16 and TIMP-1 were obviously down-regulated in indium-tin oxide processing workers. These inflammatory factor levels showed a significant correlation with serum indium levels. CONCLUSIONS: Basing on our findings, we speculate that low serum indium levels may induce inflammatory responses, which may be an adaptive response or may cause lung diseases. Therefore, further experiments or follow-up is needed. However, better safeguard procedures and indium exposure reduction should be considered in ITO industry.