Arginase as a Potential Biomarker of Disease Progression: A Molecular Imaging Perspective.
Int J Mol Sci
; 21(15)2020 Jul 25.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32722521
ABSTRACT
Arginase is a widely known enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The action of arginase goes beyond the boundaries of hepatic ureogenic function, being widespread through most tissues. Two arginase isoforms coexist, the type I (Arg1) predominantly expressed in the liver and the type II (Arg2) expressed throughout extrahepatic tissues. By producing L-ornithine while competing with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the same substrate (L-arginine), arginase can influence the endogenous levels of polyamines, proline, and NOâ¢. Several pathophysiological processes may deregulate arginase/NOS balance, disturbing the homeostasis and functionality of the organism. Upregulated arginase expression is associated with several pathological processes that can range from cardiovascular, immune-mediated, and tumorigenic conditions to neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, arginase is a potential biomarker of disease progression and severity and has recently been the subject of research studies regarding the therapeutic efficacy of arginase inhibitors. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of arginase and the current state of development of arginase inhibitors, discussing the potential of arginase as a molecular imaging biomarker and stimulating the development of novel specific and high-affinity arginase imaging probes.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Arginasa
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
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Biomarcadores de Tumor
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Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
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Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune
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Proteínas de Neoplasias
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Neoplasias
Límite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Países Bajos