Structured additive distributional zero augmented beta regression modeling of mortality in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Child mortality has remained persistently high in most sub-Saharan African countries. Majority of the effort in analyzing the determinants, or covariables did not consider the duration of exposure to mortality risks. In addition, covariates are usually linked to the mean of the response variable, thereby neglecting the possible association with other higher moments. In this paper, we account for the duration of exposure via the child mortality index, defined as the ratio of observed to expected child death, for all women captured in the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Based on this index, a structured additive distributional beta regression model was adopted to examine covariate effects on the probability of a woman experiencing no child mortality, the conditional expectation of mortality, and the mortality spread, controlling for latent spatial associations. Our inferential framework is Bayesian inference, powered by generic MCMC tools based on iterative weighted least squares. Results confirm the existence of significant variation in the likelihood of a woman experiencing no child mortality, and in the spread of mortality, across Nigerian states. Findings also show that although mortality is fairly spread among women aged ≥30 years, it is concentrated among the younger women.