Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity, Body Mass Index, and Circulating Levels of Cellular Adhesion Molecules.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, body mass index (BMI), and circulating levels of inflammatory adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin). METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical cohort study on all consecutive adults referred to the University of British Columbia (UBC) Sleep Laboratory for a polysomnogram (PSG) for suspected OSA provided a morning blood sample. Samples were analyzed with multiplex immune assay (MilliporeSigma, CA) to assess the levels of adhesion molecules. RESULTS: 488 patients were studied; the majority were male (68%) with a mean age of 50 yrs, mean AHI of 23 events/hour, and mean BMI of 32 kg/m2. In multivariable linear regression models, all three adhesion molecules were significantly associated with BMI (E-selectin p < 0.0001; ICAM-1 p = 0.0007; VCAM-1 p = 0.0003). However, only E-selectin was independently associated with AHI (p = 0.02); there was no significant interaction between AHI and BMI for E-selectin (p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Although all three adhesion molecules were associated with BMI, only E-selectin was independently associated with OSA severity. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of the relationship between E-selectin and OSA.