When All Else Fails: Alternative Methods of Euthanasia.

Barbiturate overdose as a method of euthanasia is becoming unacceptable. This has made alternative methods of euthanasia very important. Gunshot or captive bolt euthanasia is among methods that are acceptable, but they may not be esthetically acceptable. This has led to the use of other methods of euthanasia. Inducing anesthesia prior to euthanasia offers an easier method of control. Adjunctive techniques using intravenous potassium or magnesium salts administered intravenously and intracardiac administration of potassium chloride or intrathecal lidocaine offer alternatives that work well and are more environmentally safer than barbiturates. Pithing and exsanguination are also environmentally safer but may not be as esthetically acceptable as the other methods.