Heterogeneous graph attention networks for drug virus association prediction.

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has lead global epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. However, there are currently no proven effective drugs targeting COVID-19. Identifying drug-virus associations can not only provide insights into the understanding of drug-virus interaction mechanism, but also guide and facilitate the screening of compound candidates for antiviral drug discovery. Since conventional experiment methods are time-consuming, laborious and expensive, computational methods to identify potential drug candidates for viruses (e.g., COVID-19) provide an alternative strategy. In this work, we propose a novel framework of Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networks for Drug-Virus Association predictions, named HGATDVA. First, we fully incorporate multiple sources of biomedical data, e.g., drug chemical information, virus genome sequences and viral protein sequences, to construct abundant features for drugs and viruses. Second, we construct two drug-virus heterogeneous graphs. For each graph, we design a self-enhanced graph attention network (SGAT) to explicitly model the dependency between a node and its local neighbors and derive the graph-specific representations for nodes. Third, we further develop a neural network architecture with tri-aggregator to aggregate the graph-specific representations to generate the final node representations. Extensive experiments were conducted on two datasets, i.e., DrugVirus and MDAD, and the results demonstrated that our model outperformed 7 state-of-the-art methods. Case study on SARS-CoV-2 validated the effectiveness of our model in identifying potential drugs for viruses.