[COVID-19: diagnosis and treatment].

ABSTRACT

The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of the disease are described and indication criteria for hospital admission of patients with COVID-19 are listed. Polymerase chain reaction and antigen testing are used in direct diagnostics. Indirect detection of infection by antibodies is currently of limited value. There are a number of hematological and biochemical laboratory test used to diagnose COVID-19. Pathological values of some laboratory parameters are associated with severity of COVID-19. Of the imaging studies, chest X-ray, chest computer tomography and lung ultrasound are used. COVID-19 therapy includes symptomatic and specific therapy (antivirals, immunotherapeutics and anticoagulants) and intensive care in the severe and critical forms of the disease. Remdesivir and favipiravir are available as antiviral agents. Immunotherapeutics include monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab/imdevimab, bamlanivimab/etesevimab), dexamethas one, baricitinib and tocilizumab. Low-molecular-weight heparin is a dominant form of anticoagulant therapy. The guidelines provide specific therapeutic recommendations for each stage of the disease. Antibiotics are recommended only if bacterial superinfection is suspected or demonstrated, which is not common in the early stages of the disease.