Interdependencies of cellular and humoral immune responses in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Allergy
; 77(8): 2381-2392, 2022 08.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35124800
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations yield different spike protein-directed humoral and cellular immune responses. This study aimed to explore their currently unknown interdependencies.METHODS:
COV-ADAPT is a prospective, observational cohort study of 417 healthcare workers who received vaccination with homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, homologous BNT162b2 or with heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2. We assessed humoral (anti-spike-RBD-IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and avidity) and cellular (spike-induced T-cell interferon-γ release) immune responses in blood samples up to 2 weeks before (T1) and 2-12 weeks following secondary immunization (T2).RESULTS:
Initial vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 resulted in lower anti-spike-RBD-IgG compared with BNT162b2 (70 ± 114 vs. 226 ± 279 BAU/ml, p < .01) at T1. Booster vaccination with BNT162b2 proved superior to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at T2 (anti-spike-RBD-IgG ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 2387 ± 1627 and homologous BNT162b2 3202 ± 2184 vs. homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 413 ± 461 BAU/ml, both p < .001; spike-induced T-cell interferon-γ release ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 5069 ± 6733 and homologous BNT162b2 4880 ± 7570 vs. homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 1152 ± 2243 mIU/ml, both p < .001). No significant differences were detected between BNT162b2-boostered groups at T2. For ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, no booster effect on T-cell activation could be observed. We found associations between anti-spike-RBD-IgG levels (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 and homologous BNT162b2) and T-cell responses (homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2) from T1 to T2. Additionally, anti-spike-RBD-IgG and T-cell response were linked at both time points (all groups combined). All regimes yielded neutralizing antibodies and increased antibody avidity at T2.CONCLUSIONS:
Interdependencies between humoral and cellular immune responses differ between common SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimes. T-cell activation is unlikely to compensate for poor humoral responses.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Inmunidad Humoral
/
Vacunas contra la COVID-19
/
COVID-19
/
Inmunidad Celular
Tipo de estudio:
Observational_studies
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Allergy
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania