5 G, the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks; ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AIE, aggregation-induced emission; AIE810NP, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoparticle (λem = 810 nm); AIEgens, AIE luminogens; ASOs, antisense oligonucleotides; AuNP, Gold nanoparticle; CF647, a cyanine-based far-red fluorescent dye; COVID-19, The pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019; CP-MNB, capture probe-conjugated magnetic bead particle; CdS, core/shell lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide; CoPhMoRe, corona phase molecular recognition; Cy7Cl, a cationic cyanine dye; DCNPs, Down-conversion nanoparticles; DPV, Differential pulse voltammetry; DSNP, down shifting nanoparticles; DSNP@MY-1057-GPC-3, active targeting antibody glypican-3 (GPC-3) was conjugated with DSNP@MY-1057; E, envelope; EB-NS, prepared by the layered pigment CaCuSi4O10 (Egyptian Blue, EB) via ball milling and facile tip sonication into NIR fluorescent nanosheets; ENMs, electrospun nanofibrous membranes; Environmental-friendly; FLU, an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses; FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Green synthesis; HA1, hemagglutinin subunit.; HA1., hemagglutinin subunit; HAS, serum albumin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IONPs, iron oxide nanoparticles.; IONPs., iron oxide nanoparticles; IgG A, IgG aggregation; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LED, light emitting diode; LICOR, IRDye-800CW; Low-toxic; M, membrane; MCU, microcontroller unit; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; N protein, nucleocapsid protein; N, nucleocapsid; NIR; NIR, Near-Infrared; NIR775, an H2S-inert fluorophore; Nanosensor; P, FITC-labelled GzmB substrate peptides; PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; PEG, branched by Polyethylene glycol; PEG1000 PE, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)− 1000]; PEG2000 PE, (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)− 2000);; POC, point-of-care; PS, polystyrene; Pb-Ag2S ODs, lead doped Ag2S quantum dots; QDs, quantum dots; QY, quantum yield; R, R represents a common recognition element for the target; RCA, rolling circle amplification; RNA, ribonucleic acid; S RBD, SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain; S protein, spike protein; S, spike; SAM, self-assembled monolayer; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SPNs, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles.; SPNs., semiconducting polymer nanoparticles; SWCNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes; Si-RP, silica-reporter probe; VIS, visible; VTM, viral transport medium; pGOLD, plasmonic gold