Effects of Amlaki (Emblica officinalis) on Serum Lipid Profile in Rats.

The effect of Amlaki (Emblica officinalis) on lipid profile (Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol & LDL-cholesterol) in normal and fat fed rats were studied. The experimental study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Mitford, Dhaka and in the animal house of Institute of Science & Technology (IFST) of Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2005 to December 2005. Twenty four adult rats of both sexes weighing between 200-300gms were used. The experiment was divided into two parts: Part-1 and Part-II. In Part-I: to demonstrate the effect of Amlaki on serum lipid profile in normal rats, a total number of twelve rats were taken and divided into two groups. Group A1: Consisted of 6 rats, received normal laboratory diet and water to 1.5-2.0ml daily for 21 days and served as normolipidemic control group. Group A2: Consisted of 6 rats which received normal laboratory diet and Amlaki in a dose of 1.5gm/kg body wt. daily orally for 21 days and served as normolipidemic experimental group. On 22nd day, rats of both groups were sacrificed and estimation of serum lipid profile was done. In the first part of this study, administration of Amlaki for 21 days to normal rats, significantly reduced the serum cholesterol level (p<0.01), triglycerides (p<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol level (p<0.01). But there was no significant change in serum HDL-cholesterol level (p>0.1). In Part-II: to demonstrate the effect of Amlaki on lipid profile in fat fed rats, a total number of twelve rats were taken and divided into two groups. Group B1: Consisted of 6 rats, received normal lab. diet and fat (1% cholesterol plus 0.25% cholic acid dissolved in 100ml vegetable oil) in a dose of 1.5ml daily orally for 28 days serve as a hyper-lipidemic control group (fat fed). Group B2: Consisted of 6 rats and received normal lab. diet and cholesterol rich diet and Amlaki in a dose of 1.5gm/kg body wt. daily orally for 28 days and served as a hyper-lipidemic experimental group. On 29th day, rats of both groups were sacrificed and estimation of serum lipid profile was done. In the second part of this study, fat feeding produced a significant increase in serum cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol level (p<0.001) and a significant reduction of serum HDL-cholesterol level (p<0.001) i.e. a state of hyper-lipidemia was produced. In the 2nd part of this study, concomitant administration of Amlaki and fat rich diet daily orally in rats for 28 days, produced a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol level (p<0.001). The serum HDL cholesterol level was increased but not significantly (p>0.1). In the light of these results, it may be concluded that Emblica officinalis (Amlaki) has significant hypo-lipidemic effect in both normal and fat fed rats.