A new case of concurrent existence of PRRT2-associated paroxysmal movement disorders with c.649dup variant and 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The PRRT2 gene located at 16p11.2 encodes proline-rich transmembrane protein 2. In recent reviews, clinical spectrum caused by pathogenic PRRT2 variants is designated as PRRT2-associated paroxysmal movement disorders, which include paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, benign familial infantile epilepsy, and infantile convulsions with choreoathetosis, and hemiplegic migraine. The recurrent 16p11.2 microdeletion encompassing PRRT2 has also been reported to cause neurodevelopmental syndrome, associated with autism spectrum disorder. Although PRRT2 variants and 16p11.2 microdeletion cause each disease with the autosomal dominant manner, rare cases with bi-allelic PRRT2 variants or concurrent existence of PRRT2 variants and 16p11.2 microdeletion have been reported to show more severe phenotypes. CASE REPORT A 22-year-old man presents with episodic ataxia, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, seizure, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. He also has obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and mild liver dysfunction. Exome sequencing revealed a c.649dup variant in PRRT2 in one allele and a de novo 16p11.2 microdeletion in another allele. CONCLUSIONS: Our case showed combined clinical features of PRRT2-associated paroxysmal movement disorders and 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. We reviewed previous literatures and discussed phenotypic features of patients who completely lack the PRRT2 protein.