Importance of sex and gender factors for COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation: a sex-stratified analysis using machine learning in UK Biobank data.
BMJ Open
; 12(5): e050450, 2022 05 18.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35584867
OBJECTIVE: To examine sex and gender roles in COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation in sex-stratified predictive models using machine learning. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: UK Biobank prospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Participants tested between 16 March 2020 and 18 May 2020 were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The endpoints of the study were COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation. Forty-two individuals' demographics, psychosocial factors and comorbidities were used as likely determinants of outcomes. Gradient boosting machine was used for building prediction models. RESULTS: Of 4510 individuals tested (51.2% female, mean age=68.5±8.9 years), 29.4% tested positive. Males were more likely to be positive than females (31.6% vs 27.3%, p=0.001). In females, living in more deprived areas, lower income, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, working night shifts and living with a greater number of family members were associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 positive test. While in males, greater body mass index and LDL to HDL ratio were the factors associated with a positive test. Older age and adverse cardiometabolic characteristics were the most prominent variables associated with hospitalisation of test-positive patients in both overall and sex-stratified models. CONCLUSION: High-risk jobs, crowded living arrangements and living in deprived areas were associated with increased COVID-19 infection in females, while high-risk cardiometabolic characteristics were more influential in males. Gender-related factors have a greater impact on females; hence, they should be considered in identifying priority groups for COVID-19 infection vaccination campaigns.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
/
COVID-19
Tipo de estudio:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Límite:
Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
País/Región como asunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
BMJ Open
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido