Evaluation of the Abilities of Three Kinds of Copper-Based Nanoparticles to Control Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker.

ABSTRACT

Kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae reduces kiwifruit crop yield and quality, leading to economic losses. Unfortunately, few agents for its control are available. We prepared three kinds of copper-based nanoparticles and applied them to control kiwifruit bacterial canker. The successful synthesis of Cu(OH)2 nanowires, Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets, and Cu4(OH)6Cl2 nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the three nanoparticles were 1.56 µg/mL, which exceeded that of the commercial agent thiodiazole copper (MBC > 100 µg/mL). The imaging results indicate that the nanoparticles could interact with bacterial surfaces and kill bacteria by inducing reactive oxygen species' accumulation and disrupting cell walls. The protective activities of Cu(OH)2 nanowires and Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets were 59.8% and 63.2%, respectively, similar to thiodiazole copper (64.4%) and better than the Cu4(OH)6Cl2 nanoparticles (40.2%). The therapeutic activity of Cu4(OH)6Cl2 nanoparticles (67.1%) bested that of Cu(OH)2 nanowires (43.9%), Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets (56.1%), and thiodiazole copper (53.7%). Their therapeutic and protective activities for control of kiwifruit bacterial canker differed in vivo, which was related to their sizes and morphologies. This study suggests these copper-based nanoparticles as alternatives to conventional bactericides for controlling kiwifruit diseases.