Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters.
Sensors (Basel)
; 22(16)2022 Aug 18.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36015961
ABSTRACT
The present paper addresses the development and use of a new potentiometric electronic tongue for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural mineral waters. The electronic tongue is particularly related to the conductivity and ion content of/in the water sample. The analytical system is based on six ion-selective electrodes whose membranes are formulated to provide either cationic or anionic response and considering plasticizers with different dielectric constants (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether or tricresylphosphate), while keeping the polymeric matrix, i.e., poly(vinyl chloride). Notably, the absence of any ionophore in the membrane provides a general response profile, i.e., no selectivity toward any special ion, which is convenient for the realization of an effective electronic tongue. The dynamic response of the tongue toward water samples of different chemical compositions and geographical locations has been obtained. At the optimized experimental conditions, the tongue presents acceptable repeatability and reproducibility (absence of hysteresis). The principal component analysis of the final potential values observed with the six electrodes allows for the differentiation and classification of the samples according to their conductivity, which is somehow related to the mineralization. Moreover, quantitative determination of the six main ions in the water samples (i.e., chloride, nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, and magnesium) is possible by means of a simple linear calibration (and cross-validation) model.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Aguas Minerales
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
/
Qualitative_research
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Sensors (Basel)
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Suecia