Characterization and Whole Genome Sequencing of Chromobacterium violaceum OUAT_2017: A Zoonotic Pathogen Found Fatal to a Wild Asiatic Elephant.

This study reports a rare fatal case of Chromobacterium violeceum OUAT_2017 strain infection in an Asiatic elephant calf in India. Necropsy revealed pus-filled nodules in liver, spleen, and lungs. Nutrient broth cultures of nodule content showed sediment of violet pigment whereas smooth, non-diffusible, violet-pigmented, homogeneous colonies appeared on nutrient agar. The organism was found to be non-haemolytic and resistant to 8 of the 24 antibiotics tested in vitro. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence measuring 1410 bp revealed 97% homology with C. violeceum. The bacterial genome composed of 64.87% of G + C content with total size of 4,681,202 bp. The genome annotation has 42 genes responsible for multidrug antibiotic resistance with the presence of Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AAC (6')) that targets streptomycin and spectinomycin. Our findings corroborated the lethal effect of C. violeceum in a new host (elephant) that enriched scientific information on epidemiological picture and whole genome sequencing as well. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01047-4.