The C24:0 Sulfatide Isoform as an Important Molecule in Type 1 Diabetes.

ABSTRACT

Particular molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. We suggest that the C240 sulfatide isoform may influence the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). C240 sulfatide is a sphingolipid with a long carbon-atom chain. A C160 sulfatide isoform is also present in the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. The C160 isoform exhibits chaperone activity and plays an important role in insulin production. In contrast, the C240 isoform may suppress the autoimmune attacks on beta cells that lead to T1D. Sphingolipid levels are reduced in individuals who later develop T1D but could be increased via dietary supplements or medication.