Catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over lignin-metal coordinated carbon nanospheres in water.
Int J Biol Macromol
; 240: 124451, 2023 Jun 15.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37062379
ABSTRACT
The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) has attracted much attention, as GVL can be used as biofuel, green solvent, and platform chemical. Inspired by Stöber method, various lignin-metal coordinated colloidal nanospheres (LCS) from lignin and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were synthesized in which the metal ions (Co2+) replace formaldehyde as the crosslinker. The characterization of the catalyst revealed that alkali lignin was first self-assembled with CTAB through electrostatic attraction to form a lignin polymer, the subsequent addition of metal ions (Co2+) promoted the aggregation of lignin polymers and generated the LCS. Increasing calcination temperature for LCS resulted in the Co2+ being reduced to metallic Co. The lignin-metal coordinated colloidal nanospheres calcined at 500 °C possess both CoO and metallic Co active sites, which effectively accelerated the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) than simplex metallic Co active sites. A 99.8 % yield of GVL with 100 % LA conversion was obtained after 60 min reaction time at 200 °C and 2 MPa H2.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Nanosferas
/
Lignina
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Biol Macromol
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
China