Social Challenges as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic among South Florida Preschool Children with Disability and Obesity.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the childcare industry over the past two years. This study examined how pandemic-related challenges impacted preschool-aged children by disability and obesity status. Participants were 216 children (80% Hispanic, 14% non-Hispanic Black) aged 2 to 5 years in 10 South Florida childcare centers. In November/December 2021, parents completed a COVID-19 Risk and Resiliency Questionnaire, and body mass index percentile (BMI) was collected. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association of COVID-19 pandemic-related social challenges (transportation, employment) and child BMI and disability status. As compared to normal-weight children, those families with a child who was obese were more likely to report pandemic-related transportation (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.03-6.28) challenges and food insecurity (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.05-6.43). Parents of children with disabilities were less likely to report that food did not last (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07-0.48) and that they could not afford balanced meals (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.85). Spanish-speaking caregivers were more likely to have a child who was obese (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.19-8.52). The results suggest that COVID-19 impacts obese preschool children from Hispanic backgrounds, while disability was a protective factor.