Does systemic steroid use affect the length of hospital stay for head and neck infections?

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the outcomes of head and neck infections treated with systemic steroids. STUDY DESIGN: The protocol was registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on August 24, 2020. The studies were compiled using PubMed/Medline with a single reviewer from their inception until August 17, 2020. The studies were uploaded onto Convidence.org, and a repeat search was conducted and uploaded on August 17, 2021. Two independent reviewers (J.S. and S.H.) blinded to each other's assessments reviewed the title and/or abstract for inclusion. After a first pass, full-text reviews of the articles were assessed (J.S. and K.F.) for study inclusion. Data were extracted from the steroid (test) and nonsteroid (control) cohorts. RESULTS: The initial search of key terms yielded 2,711 studies. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, and only cohort and/or cross-sectional studies with the relevant study groups and the relevant outcomes were retrieved for the filtration system. The 2 reviewers reviewed 188 full-text studies, and 3 studies met the inclusion criteria. Although all 3 studies included the mean length of stay for the treatment and a control group, only 2 studies included the confidence interval, and only 1 included P values. Overall, the studies presented insufficient data to pool outcomes and ran a statistical analysis for meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid use reduced the length of stay in 2 studies and increased the length of stay in another larger study. Given the lack of data to perform a meta-analysis, more studies need to be conducted, with a prospective randomized control trial design being essential for guiding evidence-based practice regarding the use of steroids in head and neck infections.