Synergistic toxic mechanisms of microplastics and triclosan via multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) inhibition-mediated autophagy in the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna.
Sci Total Environ
; 896: 165214, 2023 Oct 20.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37391147
ABSTRACT
Since a mixed state of environmental contaminants, including microplastics (MPs), heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs), exists in aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate not only the adverse effects of exposure to a single stressor but to combined stressors. In this study, we exposed the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna to 2⯵m MPs and triclosan (TCS), one of PPCPs, for 48â¯h to investigate the synergistic toxic consequences of simultaneous exposure to both pollutants. We measured in vivo endpoints, antioxidant responses, multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity, and autophagy-related protein expression via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. While MPs single exposure did not show toxic effects in water fleas, simultaneous exposure to TCS and MPs was associated with significantly greater deleterious effects in the form of increased mortality and alterations in antioxidant enzymatic activities compared with water fleas exposed to TCS alone. In addition, MXR inhibition was confirmed by measurement of the expression of P-glycoproteins and multidrug-resistance proteins in MPs-exposed groups, which led to the accumulation of TCS. Overall, these results suggest that simultaneous exposure to MPs and TCS resulted in higher TCS accumulation via MXR inhibition, leading to synergistic toxic effects such as autophagy in D. magna.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Triclosán
/
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Cladóceros
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Sci Total Environ
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Corea del Sur