Source apportionment of gaseous Nitrophenols and their contribution to HONO formation in an urban area.
Chemosphere
; 338: 139499, 2023 Oct.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37467859
ABSTRACT
Nitrophenols (NPs) have significant impacts on human health, climate, and atmospheric chemistry. Despite numerous measurements of particulate NPs, still little is known about their gaseous atmospheric abundances, sources, and fate. Here, four gaseous NPs [2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), and 2-Methyl-4-nitrophenol (2-Me-4-NP)] were continuously monitored during late Spring at an urban site in Houston, Texas. Among the four NPs, 4-NP showed the highest abundance, followed by 2-Me-4-NP, 2-NP, and 2,4-DNP with average concentrations of 1.07 ± 0.19 ppt, 0.47 ± 0.12 ppt, 0.41 ± 0.16 ppt, and 0.27 ± 0.09 ppt, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified seven sources industrial NPs, secondary formation, phenol sources, acetonitrile source, natural gas/crude oil, traffic, and petrochemical industries/oil refineries. A zero-dimensional photochemical box model was used to simulate the observed 2-NP and 2,4-DNP. A 50.0% and 70.0% jNO2 was found to be consistent with the measured 2-NP and 2,4-DNP. This yields a nitrous acid (HONO) production of 7.5 ± 2.5 ppt/h from 0600 to 1800 Central Standard Time (CST) from both NPs. An extrapolation including other known NPs suggests a maximum HONO formation of 13.8 ppt/h. The results of this study suggest that using PMF analysis supplemented by photochemical box model provides identification of the NPs sources and their atmospheric implication to HONO formation.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
2,4-Dinitrofenol
/
Gases
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Chemosphere
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article